If you have followed us here at My Pet Nutritionist for any length of time you’ll know that we’re all about the fresh feeding of pets. But did you know that even if you can’t commit to a 100% fresh food diet, you can still add some powerhouse ingredients to your dog’s existing diet to reap some rewards? We thought we’d share some great additions that are super-easy to add to your dog’s diet. Green Leafy Vegetables Top of the list for a reason. Green leafy vegetables include spinach, kale, watercress and broccoli. In green leafy vegetables you will find vitamins A, C, E and K along with many of the B-vitamins. These vegetables also contain carotenoids. Carotenoids act as an antioxidant, deactivating free-radicals and limiting the damage they can cause. Green leafy vegetables also contain a rich source of folate, this is after all, where the name came from. Folate comes from the Latin folium, because it was first found in leaves! Folate functions as a coenzyme in many processes in the body. It is needed to make DNA and other genetic material and is essential in cell division. In short, it helps tissues grow and makes cells work. Folate is also involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, so it is implicated in mood and subsequently behaviour too! Being water-soluble, there is a high turnover in the body so we need to replenish this trusty vitamin regularly! Did you know? One particular study showed a reduced rate of bladder cancer when leafy veg was added to the dog’s diet! Findings Here So, lightly steam your leafy greens and add them to that bowl! Mushrooms Mushrooms have been seen to be: Anti-inflammatory Anti-microbial Antioxidant Prebiotic Anti-diabetic But which ones to feed? Reishi mushrooms are adored for their immunomodulating benefits. Maiitike mushrooms have been used for their antibacterial function. Cordyceps have been seen to inhibit inflammatory responses throughout the body. Findings Here If you are looking to add mushrooms to the bowl, cook them fully, lightly sauteed is fine. If you are looking to use them therapeutically, then please feel free to get in touch for advice and guidance. Eggs There’s a reason eggs are the protein reference. They contain the full essential amino acid profile. Eggs contain essential lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and trace elements including vitamin A, iron, vitamin B12, riboflavin, choline, zinc and calcium. Egg proteins are distributed equally between egg white and egg yolk, whilst lipids, vitamins and minerals are essentially concentrated in the egg yolk. The yolk is a rich source of linoleic acid and as we know, LA is abundant in the epidermis of the skin, so eggs are a great source of food to support skin health. There are also a range of proteins found in the egg that exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity. Avidin is seen to target bacteria, lysozyme is seen to target bacteria, virus and fungi, and cystatin targets the above with parasites included! Where you source your eggs from is essential, free-range birds produce more nutrient dense eggs than caged. Free-rearing results in much higher levels of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol and lutein content. The anti-microbial function of the egg white is also modulated when hens are exposed to environmental microbes. Findings Here So, if you want to add egg to the bowl, source free-range and organic. You can feed raw or cooked, and the egg shell is perfectly safe to feed too! Can My Dog Eat Raw Eggs? Hemp Seeds (milled) Hemp seeds are incredibly popular for good reason! They possess a perfect ratio of omega 6:3! Hemp seeds contain an Omega 6 fatty acid called GLA (gamma linolenic acid) and research shows that GLA can support production of various prostaglandins and leukotrienes (the compounds that influence inflammation and pain). Some of the prostaglandins and leukotrienes can increase symptoms, while others decrease them. Taking GLA helps support the favoured prostaglandins and leukotrienes, helping to reduce inflammation and disease associated with inflammation such as skin disorders, reproductive issues, arthritis and more! Not only that but hemp seeds are a great source of: protein fibre vitamin E magnesium phosphorous potassium iron zinc They are also a good source of B vitamins, including: niacin riboflavin thiamine vitamin B6 folate (B9) These fresh food additions are generally tolerated by most dogs, when fed in moderation. Start slow, and only introduce one new food at a time. If you would like any more support in what to offer in your dog’s diet, then please check out our services! Thanks for reading, MPN Team
Remember, remember the 5th of November. It’s the 5th of November tomorrow although only celebrated in the U.K. Here at My Pet Nutritionist, this isn’t something we celebrate, well certainly not with fireworks. Of course fireworks aren’t a one-day celebration. We observe many holidays, in different countries throughout the year with fireworks. Sadly, this can be a difficult time for pet parents and their beloved dogs. We would also like to mention cats and other wildlife that are affected by the trauma and injury of fireworks. We decided to compile a top 10 tips, aimed more at your dog, to try and manage some of the stress that may be endured, during these times. Sound Desensitisation Probably too late for the impending f November but for future , playing a fireworks sound effect (many are available free online) at a very low level fora brief period of time can be incredibly help to build a tolerance and desensitisation to loud fireworks. Whilst playing these sounds, we suggest giving your dog a series of small, tasty dog treats and praising them when they remain calm. Then turn the sound off and stop giving treats. Repeat the process with the sound at a low level until your dog looks to you for reassurance. Always be sure to check that your dog is comfortable and not displaying signs of anxiety. Keeping the volume low to begin with is key. Gradually turn up the sound in subsequent training sessions, varying the recordings to include a variety of firework types, until your dog begins to associate the noises with goodies and praise for having a calm demeanour. Schedule a Pre-Fireworks Walk Going for a long walk or spending time playing during the day may help stimulate your dog enough before the fireworks begin. A dog that’s mentally and physically tired might be more likely to sleep. We don’t however advocate exercising your dog into the ground as this can raise cortisol levels (the stress hormone) and may actually heighten anxiety symptoms. Schedule Dinner and Toilet Time Earlier It’s important to time your dog’s meal times and toilet trips well in advance of the night getting dark. Since fireworks typically start early evening, it is good to try avoid going out whilst the fireworks are going off. Give your dog enough time to finish dinner, digest and go to the toilet before the noise begins so that he’s not forced to hold it during an already stressful time. Keep Your Dog Occupied During Fireworks If your dog isn’t too distressed to concentrate, it is good to create some distractions by giving your dog something delicious to focus on like a chew, bone (if they are used to bones),or the use of a kong filled with treats they love. Snuffle mats or search and find games can be helpful or if you dog is used to training; you can maybe create a fun activity. Drown Out the Noise The sound of fireworks will seem like unpredictable booming sounds to your dog. This can be perceived as an impending danger and make a dog feel incredibly vulnerable. While desensitising with a fireworks recording throughout the year will help your dog learn to cope with the noise, an easy way to manage fireworks anxiety during the event, is to try and drown out some of the sound with something more calming to the nervous system. We recommend playing classical music or using a recording specifically for dogs. We recommend ‘through a Dog’s Ear recording’ . Obviously belting out music may be a little alarming but find a volume loud enough to camouflage the sound of the fireworks. Reassure Your Dog You may have heard that comforting your dog in times of stress can reinforce fears. However, unless your dog wishes to be on their own, your dog may benefit from some reassurance and contact, after all a reaction to fireworks is a legitimate fear. Providing comfort during this time may be appropriate and helpful. Read your dog and don’t enforce anything they don’t want to do. Create a Safe Space Shut all blinds and curtains. Sitting in a closed, small room together, with soothing music, allowing your dog to sit or lie where he wants may work out for you. Petting or snuggling with your dog is completely acceptable if they are searching for reassurance. If your dog’s safe place is in his crate or in a small nook in the corner of your home somewhere, you can create a den or cover all sides with a blanket allowing a clear exit at all times. Try ‘Thundershirt’ Very much like swaddling a baby, a snug garment that encases and gently puts pressure on your dog’s torso, touching key acupressure trigger points, can reduce anxiety for stressful events. Get your dog used to wearing an anxiety vest, preferably a few weeks before firework season, allows your dog to become comfortable and acquainted with the garment beforehand. The Thundershirt is designed to help reduce stress in your dog and we have seen some good response to its use. Try Nutrients for Anxiety Chamomile, valerian, skullcap and lemon balm, the amino acid theanine, many vitamin B’s and magnesium are probably the main nutrients to help support anxiety. Foods rich in B vitamins, magnesium, zinc and other herbs may help greatly as well as considering supplements to aid anxiety or herbal teas given as a treat. Find out more here. Calm Complex Consult with a Professional If your dog’s anxiety doesn’t improve, find a positive behaviourist to help you and your dog work through some protocols to help with relaxation during these times. If your dog’s fireworks anxiety puts them in an inconsolable state, talk with a nutritionist or holistic veterinarian. Anxiety supplements (see above) for dogs may be helpful or if your dog poses a danger to themselves or you, medication may need to be discussed with your veterinarian. In conclusion safeguarding against the least stressful event during fireworks season is a multi-step approach. It
We often see the phrase “let food be thy medicine” bandied around, and for all intents and purposes it is accurate. We see that both health and disease are nutritionally responsive. What we mean here is that the food we eat, and feed our pets can influence their health and/or disease states. Where most think this ends with physical health, what we are seeing more and more is that food can also influence emotional states. So, can food support your anxious dog? You bet it can! So let’s take a look. Smashing Fish! Omega-3’s, in particular DHA, play critical neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory roles in the brain. Supplementation of omega-3 has been seen to: – Improve cognitive function Findings here – Reduce anxious symptoms Findings here – Reduce aggressive behaviours Findings here – Reduced stress-related hormone production Findings here Did you know? Omega-3 levels are regularly noted as being low in aggressive dogs. This isn’t indicating causation, simply an observation worth noting. We find these super-omegas in fish! Think SMASH – sardines, mackerel, anchovies, salmon and herring! Calming Chamomile Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is one of the most widely used herbal remedies in the world. While there are many varieties of chamomile, Roman (A. nobilis) and German (M. recutita) are the most widely used forms. These are members of the Compositae (Asteracae) family. German chamomile is considered the more potent and is most widely used. It has many medicinal uses including carminative (anti-colic), antiseptic, and anxiolytic. Did you know? Chamomile is notorious for its continuous bloom! Chamomile serves as a safe, general-purpose calming herb that doesn’t taste too shabby either. In human tests it has been effective in mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder. Findings Here It can be served as a tea, but is also available as an oil infusion, tincture, salve and ointment. Magnificent Magnesium Can we even talk about anxiety without mentioning this super-important mineral? Often noted as the ultimate chill pill, magnesium is an essential nutrient that many are deficient in. Its low levels are regularly established in cases of depression in humans, so it is clear it plays a role in mood modulation and the stress response. Magnesium affects several neurotransmitter systems. Firstly, it inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters. Excessive excitation can lead to the death of brain cells, which affects the overall structure and functioning of the brain. Magnesium also acts as a cofactor in the serotoninergic system. As we know serotonin is that happy chemical, and low levels of magnesium are regularly linked to low serotonin levels. Did you know? Magnesium excretion is increased during times of stress. Catecholamines and corticosteroids enhance the shift of magnesium from inside the cell to outside of the cell leading to increased urinary excretion. In turn, low magnesium levels increase the release of stress-associated hormones. This unfortunately creates a cycle of a reduced resistance to stress. So, if you have a stressed pet, you may want to take a look at how you can increase their magnesium intake. Magnesium is found in leafy greens, nuts, and seeds. The ones packing the highest punch are spinach and pumpkin seeds. No wonder Popeye always looked so happy! Brilliant B-Vitamins Many of the B-Vitamins are involved in functions which directly impact the brain and nervous system. To single them out specifically, B12 and folate are reportedly low in cases of mood disorders in humans. Did you know? B-vitamins can become depleted during times of stress, the more the body requires them for tasks, the more they need replenishing. Stress also affects the lining in the stomach and compromises its function. Intrinsic factor is essential in B12 absorption but lack of production due to compromised function can significantly affect B12 levels. B-Vitamins can be found in eggs, liver, kidneys, chicken, red meat, tuna, mackerel, salmon, shellfish and dark green vegetables like spinach and kale. There’s a reason you were always told to eat your greens! Healing Herbs Skullcap and Valerian are some more of our trusted herbs to support the anxious pet. Many will recognise valerian for its similar smell to old, dirty socks! Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is commonly used for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety disorders in humans. It has a mechanism of action similar to benzodiazepines. Valerian has been shown to decrease the removal or metabolism of GABA, thereby allowing GABA to stay around longer and do its thing, and as we know, GABA is the brake-like neurotransmitter in the body. Findings Here Valerian is available in tincture, tea and fresh or dried root. Skullcap has a similar mechanism of action to Valerian in that it is thought to be GABAergic. But it is also thought to have an effect on serotonin receptors, which is why it has reported sedative and relaxing effects. A small, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 43 human participants demonstrated that skullcap reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression in some individuals without causing an observable reduction in energy or cognition. In both cats and dogs, skullcap has been effective in general nervousness and excitability and in any condition where there is oversensitivity in the nervous system. Skullcap is usually found in dried herb or tincture form. Food is certainly a tool in your box when supporting your pet’s well-being, if you would like any guidance then please check out our services to see how we can help. Thanks for reading, MPN Team
Whether you are purchasing for your own pet, or for a friend or family member, buying pet products, just like food, can be a bit of a minefield. When more and more of us are trying to live sustainably, can we do this with our pets too? We’ve popped together some things to consider before you buy that next toy, chew, grooming product or bed! The Problem with Plastic It’s clear that the majority of pet products on the market are unfortunately made from plastic. Not only have we got the global issue of too much single use plastic, but it is actually harmful to health (yes, that includes our canine companions too)! A common chemical used in the production of plastic is bisphenol A, also known as BPA. We’re sure you’ve heard of it. Studies have shown that BPA affects the reproductive systems of laboratory animals suggesting it disrupts hormones, and many more body functions. Not only that but you will often find phthalates in plastic toys too. These are what makes the toy more flexible and durable. These too are known as endocrine disruptors. We know that plastic doesn’t break down (you only have to look at the poop of a post-toy-assassination) so when your dog has gotten bored of that particular toy, you’ll dispose of it, but it can’t be recycled, so it will just end up in landfill for hundreds of years! If you are looking to raise a plastic free pooch, it’s not as hard as you think. Opt for toys made out of natural materials like cotton, rope, canvas, wood, wool or bamboo. You can even make your own out of old T-shirts or towels (reusing and recycling is much better for the environment). The other thing to check when you purchase, is how durable the product is. You want to make sure it is safe; that it doesn’t have small parts that can be chewed and swallowed. Squeak toys are the worst! Dogs instinctively want to get to the squeaker, but it’s easily swallowed and can cause an obstruction. You want an item to last, so if your dog is a toy-assassin, then it’s just a waste of money buying one you know will be killed in a matter of seconds! Whilst toys are often gifts of choice, chews and treats are firm contenders too! But this can be even more of a minefield for dog owners! It pays to look at the labels of chews or treats. You need to recognise the ingredients listed. Ideally, the first ingredient should be a meat protein. View chews and treats like you would when searching for a new dog food. Whilst it’s a complementary addition to their diet, it still needs to be beneficial to their health! Look at where it is made and source as local as possible. If you are raising a plastic free pet, then opt for packaging that is totally recyclable or biodegradable too. If you choose natural chews, they often don’t even need packaging! If you are considering buying grooming products for your pet or family member pets, again reduce plastic where possible. Shampoo bars are becoming increasingly popular. They are often cruelty free and do not contain parabens, phthalates or sulfates. Most shampoo bars come in paper packaging which is 100% recyclable. Choose brushes with natural bristles and wooden handles. Perhaps bedding or blankets are your next purchases? Choose items that are machine washable, so you can keep them for a longer period of time as opposed to disposing of them when they get too dirty! When you are washing them, pop them in a guppybag. This acts as a microfilter, stopping tiny plastic particles from getting into the water system. This is especially important for fleecy items as they are made from plastic (albeit recycled). Whilst you may be trying your best to buy safely and sustainably, it can become an issue when friends or family buy for your pet. Many of us have accepted gifts knowing they will just end up in the bin. This is sad for a number of reasons. The sale has already taken place, so there has been indication of demand and secondly, it’s another item in landfill. Consider setting up a wish list for your pooch, with safe and sustainable items on. Or, start buying these products for friends and family and explain why you are so excited about them. Hopefully, they’ll too see the benefits and pass them on the next time they buy a gift. As Bernadette Jiwa suggested “…in a world where it’s easy to be cheaper and faster than the competition, we now recognise the limitations…humans are wired to do what feels good and what feels good to customers right now is to use their choices and purchasing power to support the building of a better tomorrow.” Thanks for reading, MPN Team
Keeping your home clean with a pooch is easier said than done, most of the time. It would be fairly accurate to say it’s like trying to brush your teeth whilst eating chocolate. Whilst most of us accept that our homes will always have some dog hair attached to the sofa and muddy paw prints by the door, there are some top cleaning solutions that can help keep your home odour free and clean! Here we have put together our top 5! Find a good odour neutraliser! It’s fairly common for many pet-parents to be conscious of dog odour when visitors call in, often the routine is to have a mad dash around the house with an air freshener before they walk through the door. This temporarily hides the odour, but what if you could prevent it getting to that stage? Air fresheners work on this thing called volatility. They break down and dissipate into the air which changes its scent. But a study carried out on 25 home fragrance products found a whopping 133 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 24 of these VOCs were classified as toxic or hazardous to humans Findings Here Dogs are more sensitive than humans, on a huge scale. If we were to detect a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of coffee, dogs could detect a teaspoon of sugar in a million gallons of water. Their sense of smell is 40 times greater than ours. So if air fresheners can seem overpowering to us as humans, multiply this massively for the impact on our pooch! For that reason, an odour neutraliser is a much safer option. Baking soda works wonders, as do charcoal filled bamboo bags! Stock up on white vinegar! Another household staple with dogs is white vinegar. An equally super odour neutraliser. This is great if you have a puppy or an older dog who sometimes has accidents. Findings Here If your pooch does have an accident, mop up the urine as best you can and then apply vinegar to the area. Some pet owners dilute white vinegar in a mop bucket of hot water and mop their non-porous floors with it just to keep any odours at bay too! Check their bedding! It’s easy as pet-parents to get caught up with buying that new bed for our dog. The blue one, the brown one? The memory foam one, or that one with sides? Whilst we’re so busy looking at the appearance and how comfy it is, we often forget to check the label. Can it be washed? It may sound such a simple thing, but you’d be amazed how many dog beds are on the market and you can’t actually wash them or at least strip the covers. Most owners would wash their own bedding weekly or fortnightly; why should this be any different for our pets? Keeping their bedding clean reduces odour in the home, but it also keeps any bugs at bay too! Wash as per the manufacturer’s instructions, but stay away from any fabric softeners. You can wash in white vinegar if the odour is getting a little too strong! Air/sun dry where possible. Don’t just hide it! As we’ve already mentioned, as pet parents we are often conscious of our homes smelling of dogs. It’s super easy to get into that cleaning routine where you just plug in scent diffusers, light candles, spray air fresheners and generally browse the cleaning aisles at the supermarket to find ways to make your lounge smell better. But, not only are many of these products toxic to you as a human, but long term exposure has been linked to eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches and nausea and in some cases have been linked to cancer. The best way to avoid these risks is to prevent the odours forming in the first place. Buy washable blankets and bedding. Consider wipeable sofas and chairs – leather type for example. If you are ever in the position to be replacing flooring, consider how easy it is to keep clean – are they non-porous and moppable? Air your home as much as possible, it may not be easy in certain climates. Can you afford an air purifier? Vacuum or sweep up regularly, if you have a double coated breed this probably looks like a daily occurrence. Rubber bristle brushes are a lifesaver when you have a furry four legged friend! It’s worth investing in a handheld rubber bristled brush too, to remove hairs from curtains and fabric sofas! 5) Regularly groom your pooch! You can clean your home as much as you like, but if you have a smelly pooch, you’re making your life 10 times harder than it needs to be! Brush them regularly, to remove any dead hair. This reduces how much will be floating around your home. If needed, maintain regular grooming appointments with a grooming salon – if you have a spaniel whose paws are magnets to mud and water, keep them trimmed! This way, they carry less water and grime and they’re also easier to dry on the way in through the door! On that note, keep a dog towel by the door. If you’ve gotten stuck in the rain on a walk, towel dry him when you return, paws included. We all know how much a wet dog smells! Dogs have bacteria and yeasts on their skin which can be a bit pongy. As a wet dog dries, the water evaporates which brings those stinky molecules into the environment and to our noses! Drying them as much as you can will help prevent that wet dog smell! Whilst cleaning a house with a dog in it can seem a never-ending task, it’s certainly better to prevent odour and dirt build up as opposed to hiding it. Find your staple odour neutralisers and regularly wash things around your home. We are huge advocates for using natural products where possible around the home, if you would like to learn
Fats can be a little bit of a minefield, so we thought we’d explore sources of both omega-3 and omega 6 in a little more detail, and how to feed them to your dog. In dogs, the body has a requirement for two distinct EFA families. The Omega-6 and Omega-3 series. Omega-6 Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) Linoleic Acid (LA)Arachidonic Acid (AA) Omega-3 Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Omega-3 fatty acids, ALA (alpha linolenic acid) is often found in certain plants such as flax seed, sacha inchi seed, hemp seeds, chia seeds, avocado flesh only and oysters. Although ALA foods and supplements are not a substitute for fish or algae oil, due to the high Omega-6 content also, they can be an excellent additional supplement to include in the diet and added to certain meat sources. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are often found in high levels and good ratios in fish (these have the most anti-inflammatory effect). Found in salmon, tuna, trout,cod, krill, oysters, seabass, mackerel, sardines and anchovies. Non animal sources containing DHA and EPA are phytoplankton and marine algae oil. Although these are great additions to your dog’s diet, they do not contain as much DHA and EPA as fish.They therefore don’t exert as much of an anti-inflammatory effect. Let’s explore fat sources in a little more detail. Fish and Fish Oil Whole fish is a great addition to your dog’s diet but ensuring you don’t feed fish from the Pacific due to radiation, heavy metals and toxins, is essential. Feeding small fish such as krill, sardines, anchovies and mackerel are better options. Oils in this form can be found too. Oils must not be kept for longer than 3 months and also should be stored in a safe, cool, refrigerated place. Glass tinted bottles or air tight pumps and capsules are best. Always look for antioxidant technology or the addition of tocopherol (vitamin E 4-10 iu for 1 gram is good). Quality is key as is storage to prevent rancidity. Algae Oil Algae are aquatic, plant-like organisms. Algae is always a great option for dogs allergic to or who don’t like fish. Algae sources are also DHA dominant as opposed to fish that are EPA dominant. Phytoplankton Phytoplankton are microorganisms that drift about in water. Phytoplankton are photosynthetic (have the ability to use sunlight to produce energy) and whilst they are plant-like with this ability, phytoplankton are not plants. They do however contain DHA and EPA and hold similar values to algae. Phytoplankton is a good option for those who want a sustainable product, as it can be grown in filtered water, free from heavy metals and toxicity found in the ocean. Hemp Seeds Milled and Hemp Seed Oil (Non Psychoactive) The reason hemp seed oil and hemp seeds milled are so popular is because of the perfect ratio it offers of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids; 3:1. Hempseed contains the Omega 6 fatty acid called GLA (gamma linolenic acid). Research shows that GLA can support production of various prostaglandins and leukotrienes (the compounds that influence inflammation and pain). Some of the prostaglandins and leukotrienes can increase symptoms, while others decrease them. Taking GLA helps support the favoured prostaglandins and leukotrienes, helping to reduce inflammation and disease associated with inflammation such as skin disorders, reproductive issues, arthritis and cancer. Recommended approximate amounts of fats to feed your dog Whole Fish Feed 28-30 grams of fish per 450 grams of ruminant fed. Feed 112-120 grams for every 450 grams of poultry fed. Fish Oil Must be made from sardines, mackerel or anchovies. There will be less toxins and only mostly fed from phytoplankton. Phytoplankton Follow instructions on the phytoplankton you purchase as they frequently differ in volume. Hempseed, Milled Feed 4-6 tsp per 1kg of food. Hempseed Oil Feed up to 1 tsp per 5kg of weight If you are unsure on which fats or how to feed them to your pet, then check out our services to see how we can help. Thanks for reading, MPN Team
Fats get a bad rap in the human world, we were told for decades that fat makes us fat and it’s not great for our cholesterol either. Thankfully, we have more balanced data available and we now know that it’s more about the type of fat that we eat. But, we can still be a little confused about the types of fats available and we can bring this confusion to our dog’s diet too. So, let’s take a look at fats for the canine. The different types and the functions of them around the body. What Are Fats? Dietary fat is a group of compounds (substances made up of two or more elements) known as lipids. They are insoluble in water (hydrophobic). The easiest way to understand this is noticing that you can’t wash fat off your hands without the help of soap. Lipids that are solid at room temperature are usually called fats, whereas those liquid at room temperature are called oils. Lipids can then be further categorised into: Simple: include triglycerides, which are the most common form of fat in the diet. These are the best reserve of food material, and act as an insulator and protector of internal organs. Compound: consist of a lipid and a non-lipid compound; lipoproteins are compound lipids and these are what carry fat around in the bloodstream. Derived: products of simple and compound lipids. These include sterol (sub-group of steroids) compounds such as cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. Yes you read that right, we need fat to produce steroid hormones like cortisol (regulator of the stress response) and sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). Fats can then be differentiated by the types of fatty acids they contain. Fatty Acids Fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. The difference is in their structure. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms and are therefore saturated with hydrogen. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond (mono=one). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have two or more double bonds (poly=many). The more double bonds a fatty acid has, the less stable the molecule, which means it is more susceptible to oxidation, resulting in rancidity. This is why fish oils should be stored in a dark, glass bottle and why PUFA rich oils aren’t the best to fry your eggs with. The double bonds found in unsaturated fats can take different configurations, cis or trans. Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have cis configurations. However, trans configurations are usually introduced into foods during manufacturing/processing. Trans fatty acids have been known to negatively affect lipoproteins which, in humans, have been associated with a range of diseases. Findings Here The Function of Fat Fat enters the body from the diet and finds its way through the stomach, and into the small intestine. Here it is bombarded with enzymes from the pancreas (lipase), and bile salts from the liver. During this process, fat and cholesterol is packaged into particles called chylomicrons. The fatty acids are now small enough to be passed through the lymphatic system and then into the bloodstream. As triglycerides are metabolised on the journey, the chylomicron gets smaller; resulting in a remnant which is rich in cholesterol. This is then taken in by the liver and repackaged which can then be released by the liver at a later stage. Your Pet’s Lymphatic System Fat as Energy Fatty acids are used throughout the body for a range of functions, primarily energy, but if they are not needed, they can be stored in adipose tissue. Here, they are an energy source for a later stage. They also serve as insulation, protecting the body from heat loss and also from injury or trauma to vital organs. Dogs seem to be more efficient at using fat as energy than humans. It is thought that albumin (a globular protein made by the liver) binds more free fatty acids in dogs than in other species, so the concentration of fatty acids in the blood is higher and therefore the delivery of fatty acids to muscles is higher. So, fat provides energy, but it also contributes to many metabolic and structural functions. Other Functions Of Fat As we have mentioned, lipoproteins provide for the transport of fats throughout the body, and cholesterol is used to form the bile salts necessary for fat digestion and absorption. It is also a precursor for steroid hormones which help control metabolism, salt and water balance, inflammation, immune function and more. Along with other lipids, cholesterol forms a protective layer in the skin too! The body can synthesise most of the fatty acids it needs, but there are some it cannot, and these are known as essential fatty acids. In dogs, the body has a requirement for two distinct EFA families. The Omega-6 and Omega-3 series. Omega-6 Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) Linoleic Acid (LA) Arachidonic Acid (AA) Omega-3 Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) In most animals, AA can be synthesised from LA, so there isn’t always a dietary requirement for AA (there is for cats). Fatty Acids and Inflammation Eicosanoids are products of the oxidation of the omega families; they are collectively known as prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. Prostaglandins – these are a group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection. They control inflammation, blood flow and the formation of blood clots. Thromboxane is a substance made by platelets which causes blood clotting and constriction of blood vessels. Leukotrienes are proinflammatory molecules; more commonly noticed for their role in allergy response. They are released when the body encounters an allergen or trigger. The amount and type of eicosanoids synthesised depends largely on the availability and type of fatty acid found in cell membranes. Eicosanoids play an important role in the body, they modulate many processes including reproduction, blood pressure, haemostasis (the process to prevent and stop bleeding) and inflammation. They can be synthesised from AA, GLA and EPA, however, those synthesised from AA are proinflammatory compared to those derived from GLA and
Would you be surprised to know that the skin has developed its own local HPA axis to regulate its exposure to stressors? Recent mapping has found that all regulatory elements found in the central HPA axis are expressed in skin! Could this explain why skin issues tend to worsen when us humans are stressed? More importantly, when skin issues are the top issue facing the majority of dog owners we see here at My Pet Nutritionist, is this something we need to consider? The short answer is yes. So, let us take a deeper dive at what the HPA axis is and how this can influence our pet’s skin issues. The HPA Axis Most of us have heard at one time or another the mention of the HPA axis when we talk about the stress response. It stands for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In short, the hypothalamus in the brain receives a message that we are being exposed to a stressor, it then sends a message to the pituitary gland which then sends another message to the adrenal glands. It is the adrenal glands that release the hormones we typically associate with stress, like cortisol and adrenaline/noradrenaline. These stress hormones flood the body, and help it deal with whatever the stressor may be – and then when it has passed, the hormones stop being produced; the body then returns to homeostasis. This exact response also occurs in our pets when faced with a stressful situation, and so our pets too have a HPA axis. Now we know what the HPA axis does, let’s see how the skin has developed its own local axis. The Skin’s HPA Axis The skin is the largest organ of your dog’s body. It consists of three major layers: The Epidermis – (Epi – upon or above) this is the outer layer of skin, the protective layer. The Dermis – the dermis supports and nourishes the outer layer. It provides strength and elasticity. Here you will find collagen fibres, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. You will also find cells that release histamine and other inflammatory mediators when faced with an allergy or injury. The Subcutis – (sub meaning under or below) this in the innermost layer of the skin, where you will find fat and muscles. Subcutaneous fat provides insulation, padding and storage for reserve energy. Not only does the structure of the skin prevent water and electrolyte loss to help maintain body homeostasis, but it forms a protective barrier which helps protect against infections, parasites, and the environment. This is the often-forgotten role of the skin – that it forms part of the immune system. When we think of the skin as the first layer of defence in the immune system, and therefore a type of radar, it makes absolute sense that it should have its own response to stress. It seems that skin cells, known as keratinocytes, can produce the same hormones and neurotransmitters that the “internal” stress response does. These include: corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) cortisol adrenaline noradrenaline dopamine histamine acetylcholine All of these compounds help the body deal with a stressor, they include increasing heart rate, upregulating energy conversion and redirecting resources to those functions that are necessary. So, the skin, we can think of like a radar. It constantly senses the environment and reacts to various stressors like humidity, temperature, changes in the skin microbiome and of course injuries. CRH is possibly the most studied hormone and in the skin, it is involved in the proinflammatory response. When exposed to a stressor, CRH brings an inflammatory response to help manage the threat. If your dog scratched himself, the inflammatory response would be a normal part of healing. However, a natural by-product of this process is that it increases skin permeability which isn’t great long term. The skin serves as a protective barrier and if it becomes permeable, harmful compounds can sneak in, which can cause further problems around the body. Acute Vs. Chronic Stress Like everything, moderation is key – acute stress is manageable, the issue is when it becomes chronic. Where this becomes even more problematic is that animal studies have suggested that skin stress can initiate a central HPA axis response. When researchers exposed rodents to UVB radiation, they found increased stress responses in the adrenal glands. So, not only can the skin respond directly to a stressor, but it can bring the central response to the party too! What this means is that skin stress can cause body wide stress, and again this becomes an issue in chronic skin issues – leading to chronic activation of the “internal” stress response. To add insult to injury, psychological stress increases the production of “internal” stress hormones which then affects skin cell growth and function, compromising structure and altering skin permeability. So not only can skin stress cause psychological stress, but psychological stress can cause skin stress. You can see how this can become a challenging cycle to break. But what we must remember is that most functions in the body serve a necessary function and this mechanism (although challenging) is no different. HPA Axis and Skin Barrier The HPA axis in the skin responds to various stressors to regulate homeostasis – it serves to counteract any threat so normal function can resume. The compounds produced and released all serve important roles in maintaining a healthy skin barrier. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is involved in melanin production which protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. In dogs, it is melanin that contributes to skin and hair colour. In autoimmune conditions, melanocytes can be destroyed which results in depigmentation. This is also why if you have a dog who has repeated skin trauma (scratching etc) they develop visibly darker skin in those areas. Keratinocytes with more melanin display superior barrier function – which is why the body attempts to achieve it in repeated trauma. Endorphins are also released during skin stress. This enhances epidermal turnover rate, again to protect skin function. This could be why
Caring for our pets can become a bit of a minefield – the more we know, the more we realise there is so much more to know! We thought we’d share 6 of the things we think every pet owner should have in their toolkit. Slippery Elm Slippery elm is a deciduous tree found in forests of the eastern half of the USA and Canada. Slippery Elm is related to the American Elm (ulmus americana) and is sometimes called Red Elm or Moose Elm. It is best used in the digestive tract, where it serves as a soothing, protecting and lubricating demulcent and general astringent at the same time. It creates a mucilage lining where it soothes the passage of food, inflammation and is believed to protect and heal the mucosal lining. The inner bark of the Slippery Elm is not only packed with nutrients like vitamins A, B complex, C, K, calcium, magnesium and sodium, but it is thought to have a number of properties including: Demulcent – when mixed with water, it results in a sticky substance known as mucilage. Demulcents are often referred to as mucoprotective agents and this is why slippery elm is often used to soothe the lining of the digestive tract. It is a common addition when tackling acid reflux. Laxative – data has suggested that slippery elm can enhance bowel movements. Urinary health – slippery elm has been seen to calm the irritation and inflammation associated with urinary infections. Antioxidant capacity – slippery elm contains tannins which display strong antioxidant capacity and protection against reactive oxygen species. Anti-inflammatory – mice models have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in the stomach and intestines. In addition, slippery elm has been seen to influence immune system activity. Skin health – the phenolic compounds found in slippery elm have been seen to modulate inflammatory skin disease. Use with Caution: if allergic to elm trees in pregnancy There is also the suggestion that as slippery elm coats the digestive tract, it could prevent absorption of other medication or herbs; sometimes it may be advised to offer slippery elm at different times to others. Sadly, the tree is declining so slippery elm should be reserved for circumstances where alternatives are ineffective. In many instances slippery elm can be substituted with plantain (Plantagosp.) If a more mucilaginous remedy is needed, marshmallow root (Altheaofficinalis) is an excellent alternative. Sustainable sources should always be sought after. Probiotics Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. They are not to be confused with prebiotics which are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota. Synbiotics are products that contain both. Probiotics are live microbes that can be formulated into many different types of products from food to supplements. The most common probiotics you’ve come across will likely be lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. They are reported to suppress diarrhoea, exhibit antimicrobial activities, reduce irritable bowel symptoms, prevent inflammatory bowel disease and support gut integrity and overall health. The more we are learning about probiotic use, the more we are realising that the benefits associated are bacterial strain specific. What this means is the devil is in the detail. In addition, to function as a probiotic, the bacteria must: – Survive the acid and bile in the GI tract – Adhere to intestinal cells or colonise areas within the tract – Exclude pathogenic adherence – Produce acids, or other compounds which antagonise the growth of pathogens – Be safe, non-invasive, non-carcinogenic and non-pathogenic The primary bacterial populations included in probiotics that have been seen to benefit both cats and dogs are lactic acid bacteria, especially lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterococci. – Enterococcus faecium (two strains) – Lactobaciullus acidophilus – Bifidobacterium animalis However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus is also known to be of benefit to dogs, as is saccharomyces boulardii. Why Probiotics Are Good For You and Your Dog Colloidal Silver Silver is recognized to have antimicrobial activity. There are three main ways in which it achieves this. Firstly, silver cations can form pores and puncture the bacterial cell wall by reacting with the peptidoglycan component. Secondly, silver ions can enter into the bacterial cell, both inhibiting cellular respiration and disrupting metabolic pathways resulting in generation of reactive oxygen species. Lastly, once in the cell silver can also disrupt DNA and its replication cycle. For these reasons, colloidal silver can have many uses. Clay Bentonite clay can be interchangeably referred to as Montmorillonite clay and are both regarded as an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay from the Smectites family. They are both named after regions they come from but in nature they have the same structure and have a much higher absorption capacity than other clays found in nature and on the market. It has been used and eaten since ancient times as humans believed in its therapeutic benefits. Due to many skin issues arising from immune reactions and toxicity, Bentonite can be calming and cooling both applied internally and externally. Internally, Bentonite clay has proven to remove many different bacteria and fungi, including candida albicans, that can lead to skin issues. Applied externally (clay being wet and made into a paste) can help hotspots, wounds, calm itching and help fungal infections. Bentonite clay has for a long time been considered as an effective treatment for diarrhoea, IBS and IBD too. A trial in 1961, was shown that orally administered bentonite treated 97% of cases with different causative factors of diarrhoea. These being virus, infection, food allergy, spastic colitis, mucous colitis, and food poisoning. In addition, Bentonite clay is negatively charged and so manages to attract and pull out toxins that by nature are positively charged. Leucillin Leucillin is an anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal solution which has many uses. It is a solution containing HOCl (hypochlorous acid). HOCl is an endogenous substance in all mammals and is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Neutrophils, eosinophils, mononuclear phagocytes, and B lymphocytes produce HOCl in response
Many dog breeds will reach 50% of their adult size within 5-6 months. Some breeds will be fully grown by 8-12 months, some 12-18 months, and others 18-24 months. With this incredible range, it’s no surprise that puppyhood is in fact a critical period, and one that we need to get right. Post weaning is the most nutritionally demanding period in a dog’s life and this is even more demanding in large or giant breeds. It’s not just bones that grow in puppies, but every part of their body. They have muscle growth and they are constantly renewing cells. This includes those found in the gut, those on the skin and of course red blood cells (and white blood cells for that matter – which are crucial to their immune function). Their brains are also forging new connections and strengthening important ones. For all this growth, regeneration, and for want of a better word, work, they need two things. Puppies need fuel and nutrients. So let’s take a look at these two things that puppies need in a little more detail. Fuel Fuel is energy and dogs are particularly good at using fat for energy. For this reason, fat is not something to be avoided in your growing puppy. Fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. The difference is in their structure. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms and are therefore saturated with hydrogen. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond (mono=one). Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds (poly=many). The more double bonds a fatty acid has, the less stable the molecule, which means it is more susceptible to oxidation, resulting in rancidity. This is why fish oils should be stored in a dark, glass bottle and why PUFA rich oils shouldn’t be used for frying! In dogs, the body has a requirement for two distinct EFA families. The Omega-6 and Omega-3 series. Omega-6 fatty acids include: Linoleic Acid (LA) Arachidonic Acid (AA) Omega-3 fatty acids include: Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) But there is often an imbalance. Our modern day dogs and puppies for that matter are seemingly consuming more omega-6 than their ancestors. These guys ate a diet much higher in omega-3. Why is this important? Omega 3 Fatty Acids for Puppies Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is particularly important in brain and eye development. It comprises over 90% of the omega-3 fatty acids in the brain. The brain takes up DHA over any other fatty acid and DHA deficient diets are being linked to neurodegenerative disease in humans more and more. Interestingly, Beagle puppies fed diets fortified with DHA had statistically better results in various learning tasks than those puppies fed a DHA deficient diet. Findings Here But what is also of interest is that aggression in dogs correlates with low omega-3 levels too! Findings Here In addition, DHA supports myelin formation – which is the white matter that insulates brain circuits. Myelin sheaths ensure electrical impulses are transmitted quickly and efficiently along nerve cells. This is so important for all dogs, but especially our puppies who are consistently forging new connections in their brain, and wanting them to stick! Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Sprats Sardines Mackerel Mussels Grass fed beef and lamb Algae Oil Fatty acids are necessary for healthy skin formation, modulation of the immune response and the transport of fat-soluble vitamins. Skin Health in Puppies The skin is the largest organ of your dog’s body and it has 3 layers. Epidermis – above – outer layer Dermis – supports and nourishes – here you’ll find nerve fibres, inflammatory mediators, mast cells (that release histamine), sebaceous glands, collagen and elastin. Subcutis – below – this is fat and connective tissue – provides insulation and energy reserves. The skin functions as a barrier, both ways and it actually forms part of the immune system. In a series of studies in the early 1900s, rats were fed a diet completely devoid of fat. These rats developed visible skin abnormalities, increased water loss across the skin and other body-wide issues. However, when PUFAs were introduced into the diet, these defects were reversed. The skin, especially the epidermis, is organised into layers with a distinctive lipid composition. Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant PUFA present in the epidermis and as we know, LA is an Omega-6 fatty acid – the point is not to avoid Omega-6 but ensure there is a balance between the two families. Sources of Omega 6 Fatty Acids: Meat Poultry Eggs Fish Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil contain what is described as an optimal omega 3:6 ratio. Fatty Acids and Immune Health Fatty acids are known to play diverse roles in immune cells. They are important as a source of energy, as structural components of cell membranes, as signalling molecules and as precursors for the synthesis of eicosanoids and similar mediators (involved in the inflammatory response). Recent research has suggested that the localisation and organisation of fatty acids into distinct cellular pools has a direct influence on the behaviour of a number of proteins involved in immune cell activation, including those associated with T cell responses and antigen presentation. Supporting immune health in the puppy is so important to help them develop immune tolerance. Do We Need To Boost Our Pet’s Immune System? Fatty Acids For The Transport of Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins are needed in minute quantities to function as essential enzymes, enzyme precursors or coenzymes in many of the body’s metabolic processes. Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body’s lipid deposits, making them more resistant to deficiency but also more likely to result in toxicity. The fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E and K and for them to do their job, they heavily depend on sufficient fatty acids in the body. Vitamin A The well-known function of vitamin A is its role in vision. Vitamin A is a precursor of rhodopsin, the photopigment found in rods within
We know the nutritional needs of puppies are quite different to the adult dog, but the adult dog in many of our eyes simply remains an adult dog. The reality is that our adult dog will become a senior dog and with that comes its own set of challenges. There are a number of system changes that can occur in the senior dog, and for those your dog deserves more personalised attention, but there are some great nutritional additions that can support nearly every senior dog! Here are 5 of our favourites! Essential Fatty Acids It seems there is a protein that can defend the brain against shrinkage and support its regrowth and repair. It is known as BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor). This is important across all life-stages, but even more important if we are looking to maintain sufficient cognitive function in our senior dog. Omega-3 Fatty Acids have been seen to normalise BDNF levels in the brain. They are also thought to be neuroprotective in that they protect neurons from death. Not only that but we know that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in inflammation and when many of our senior dogs can suffer with inflammatory musculoskeletal issues, the inclusion of these compounds in the diet provide a win, win situation! Great sources of Omega-3 for the dog include fatty fish like sprats, sardines, mackerel, and salmon. You can also source a good quality supplement. Essential Fats For My Dog’s Diet Vitamin B12 When including both omega-3 and Vitamin B12 in the diet, higher levels of BDNF are found in the hippocampus and cortex. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that keeps nerve and blood cells healthy. It is also involved in energy production and more. There are no plant-sources of B12, it is produced in the gut of vegetarian animals, then absorbed into their bloodstream, and makes its way around their body. Their tissue then provides B12 to whoever eats it. Adequate stomach acid secretion/production along with intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of B12 and these processes can be compromised as both us and our pets age. Sources of B12 include meat, fish and eggs but again, it can also be found in supplemental form. Why Your Dog Needs Vitamin B12 Bone Broth Bone broth is a liquid containing brewed bones and connective tissues. Bones themselves are rich in vitamins and nutrients, including calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. In addition, brewing connective tissue into bone broth provides the body with natural compounds from the cartilage. You will also find collagen and cooking collagen turns it to gelatin, which provides the body with amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. It is not possible to say how much of any nutrient will be in a particular batch of bone broth, since this largely depends on the type and quantity of the bones and tissues that went into it, but a good rotation of bones and tissues will provide a range of nutrients. A 2017 review suggests that both laboratory and animal studies show that gelatin supplementation increases the amount of collagen in the tissues which may help protect the joints from unnecessary stress, as we mentioned, gelatin is formed by the cooking of collagen. Other data has suggested that collagen can improve knee joint symptoms, such as pain, stiffness, and poorer physical function, in humans with osteoarthritis. Protein The word protein comes from the Greek meaning “of prime importance” and it really is. Protein is the building blocks of the body. When our senior dog eats sources of protein like lamb, beef or eggs they are broken down in the stomach and then reassembled by the liver to form new proteins which carry out a range of jobs throughout the body. We have structural proteins which are key components of hair/fur, skin, nails, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. This is why signs of low protein include dry skin, poor coat condition or frequent injuries. Puppies need protein to grow, but on the other side of the scale, our senior dogs require sufficient protein to maintain their structure as they age. Proteins are also crucial to immune system function – many different immune cells like antibodies are made up of protein. Antibodies are those cells that latch onto harmful invaders and remove them. So if we want our dog to have a well-functioning immune system, they need protein. Whilst we know that protein is necessary for muscle growth, we often forget that it’s needed for muscle function too. Different proteins are involved in muscle contraction and relaxation; in short, protein ensures a muscle moves when it needs to. But protein is also necessary to maintain those carefully grown and functioning muscles. Muscle atrophy is common in the senior dog, and this can be influenced by both activity and diet. For this reason, sufficient protein is still necessary for the senior dog. Many moons ago, protein intake was implicated in compromised kidney function, but it must be remembered that these studies were relating to humans who were already diagnosed with kidney disease. Protein intake should be a consideration in kidney and liver issues, but it shouldn’t be avoided in the senior dog. Ultimate Guide to Liver Disease Kidney Disease and Natural Nutrition Green Lipped Mussels (GLMs) GLMs contain around 90 different fatty acids, glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulphate), glutamine (a glycosaminoglycan precursor), vitamins C and E and minerals including zinc, copper and selenium. The synergy of these nutritional components work in perfect harmony to support joint and mobility issues in the senior pet. When looking at joint health you need to consider all mechanisms responsible for the disease and then how to address them. Inflammation It’s generally the inflammation and rubbing of joints that create pain and stiffness. The fatty acids in green lipped mussels with EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) are the most abundant. These are the important fatty acids that are known to reduce inflammation. GLM’s are natural COX inhibitors just like NSAIDS
Time and time again we see that our pets are contaminated with a range of chemicals and toxins, but recent data indicates that they boast even higher levels of contamination than us humans. Let’s take a look at the data and see how we can reduce contamination. How Contaminated Are Our Pets? In a recent study, dogs and cats were contaminated with 48 of 70 industrial chemicals tested, including 43 chemicals at levels higher than those typically found in people. The chemicals included: plastics and food packaging chemicals heavy metals fire retardants stain-proofing chemicals Average levels of many chemicals were substantially higher in pets than people, with 2.4 times higher levels of stain- and grease-proof coatings (perfluorochemicals) in dogs, 23 times more fire retardants (PBDEs) in cats, and more than 5 times the amounts of mercury. Dog Contamination Blood and urine samples have shown contamination with a range of chemicals, including 11 carcinogens, 31 chemicals toxic to the reproductive system, and 24 neurotoxins. Cat Contamination Cat samples contained 46 chemicals altogether, including 9 carcinogens, 40 chemicals toxic to the reproductive system, 34 neurotoxins, and 15 chemicals toxic to the endocrine system. Endocrine system toxins raise particular concerns for cats, since they include the thyroid toxins and fire retardants, PBDEs. Thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism) is a leading cause of illness in older cats and it is regularly linked to fire retardant exposure. Hyperthyroidism in Cats Let’s look into individual exposure in a little more detail and some evidence backed links to certain health issues. Potential Exposures: – A dog eating scraps from the floor may swallow dirt and dust tracked in from the outdoors and contaminated with heavy metals and pesticides. – Dogs and cats often eat food processing and packaging chemicals that contaminate their food, day after day and year after year, resulting in cumulative exposures. – Chew toys might contain plastic softeners. – Foam beds might be infused or coated with fire retardants and stain-proofing chemicals. – Plastic water bowls might leach hormone disruptors. Evidenced Links to Health Issues: – “Teflon toxicosis” has been the cause of death for hundreds of pet birds nationwide whose lungs filled with blood after they breathed in toxic fumes from overheated, non-stick pans – what may this be doing to our pets? – Studies show bladder cancer at a higher rate in dogs living near industrial areas or if their owners use lawn and garden weed killers and insecticides. – In addition, in a case-control study of bladder cancer in household dogs, the cancer risk was significantly increased by the use of topical insecticides. For 1-2 topical applications per year, bladder cancer risk was increased by 1.6 times, whilst more than 2 applications per year the risk was 3.5 times greater. – Lead toxicosis has been found in dogs and cats in homes with chipping lead-based house paint. – Malignant lymphomas are found in dogs whose owners use certain lawn pesticides. – Mouth cancer (oral squamous cell carcinoma) has been found in cats exposed to certain flea repellents. We must also consider the foods that we are feeding our pets. A massive recall was initiated in March 2007 after many pets became sick or died after eating certain brands of pet foods. Poisonings of pets were traced to the presence of melamine and cyanuric acid in imported wheat gluten that was used for pet food production. Findings Here According to the Environmental Working Group: “These events highlight the vulnerability of pets and their owners who, due to insufficient government oversight over chemicals present in pet food, are left to trust that the pet food industry will regulate itself.” The list of potential contaminants is endless, which can leave us a little disheartened as pet owners. But, information is power, and if we know what could be compromising our pet’s health, we can take steps to mitigate the damage. We can limit exposure to contaminants as much as possible by opting for a low-tox lifestyle. What does a low-tox lifestyle look like? Plates instead of plastic bowls Non-toxic grooming products Steam mops White vinegar and baking soda for cleaning Wooden floors or tiles with washable rugs instead of carpets Natural flea and worm options Fresh food diet Filtered water Natural garden care and insect repellents Air purifiers – machines or bamboo charcoal bags Safe plants (for both cats and dogs) The thing to remember is that many of us have become accustomed to sweet smelling homes, but all we really need is a clean home. Wash rugs, blankets and beds frequently (in white vinegar to keep wet dog smells at bay) and if you have guests coming over, pop a vase of (safe) flowers on the table. We regularly see how a high-tox lifestyle has compromised pet skin health, along with their gut and liver function. And as we can see from the evidence, contaminants are implicated in many more health issues in our pets. If you would like any support in optimising your pet’s health, then please check out our services to see how we can help. Thanks for reading, MPN Team
